Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a crucial component of healthcare to help augment physicians and make them more efficient. In medical imaging, it is helping radiologists more efficiently manage PACS worklists, enable structured reporting, auto detect injuries and diseases, and to pull in relevant prior exams and patient data. In cardiology, AI is helping automate tasks and measurements on imaging and in reporting systems, guides novice echo users to improve imaging and accuracy, and can risk stratify patients. AI includes deep learning algorithms, machine learning, computer-aided detection (CAD) systems, and convolutional neural networks. 

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Explainable AI model accurately auto-labels chest X-rays from open access datasets

A model that can achieve accuracy in line with that of radiologists when labeling open-access datasets could be a key factor to overcoming limitations of artificial intelligence implementation, researchers explained in Nature Communications.

Algorithm performs at expert level when distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian tumors

Experts involved with the study suggested that these findings could be beneficial in the future of ovarian tumor assessment by providing clinical decision making support.

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Lack of diverse datasets in AI research puts patients at risk, experts suggest

Homogenous datasets can create unintended research bias that hinders the clinical efficacy of AI applications, experts recently explained in PLOS Digital Health.

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Researchers cite safety concerns after uncovering 'harmful behavior' of fracture-detecting AI model

A study in Lancet Digital Health reports that a previously validated, high performing AI model committed troublesome errors when confronted with atypical anatomy.

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AI predicts COVID prognosis at near-expert level using CT scoring system

A deep convolutional neural network was able to predict hospital stay, ICU admission and intubation when scoring chest CT images of hospitalized COVID patients.

AI software that triages x-rays for pneumothorax receives FDA clearance

The new algorithm flags chest x-rays when it detects pneumothorax and notifies physicians of any suspicious findings.

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AI assists radiologists in detecting fractures, improves workflow

Research published recently in Radiology found comparable sensitivity and specificity between artificial intelligence and clinicians for fracture detection. 

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Misuse of public imaging data is producing 'overly optimistic' results in machine learning research

 "This research aims to raise a red flag regarding naive off-label usage of open-access data in the development of machine-learning algorithms," experts involved in the study said.

Around the web

Positron, a New York-based nuclear imaging company, will now provide Upbeat Cardiology Solutions with advanced PET/CT systems and services. 

The nuclear imaging isotope shortage of molybdenum-99 may be over now that the sidelined reactor is restarting. ASNC's president says PET and new SPECT technologies helped cardiac imaging labs better weather the storm.

CMS has more than doubled the CCTA payment rate from $175 to $357.13. The move, expected to have a significant impact on the utilization of cardiac CT, received immediate praise from imaging specialists.