Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging (also called nuclear medicine or nuclear imaging) can image the function of cells inside the body at the molecular level. This includes the imaging modalities of positron emission computed tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. How does PET and SPECT imaging work? Small amounts of radioactive material (radiopharmaceuticals) injected into a patient. These can use sugars or chemical traits to bond to specific cells. The radioactive material is taken up by cells that consume the sugars. The radiation emitted from inside the body is detected by photon detectors outside the body. Computers take the data to assemble images of the radiation emissions. Nuclear images may appear fuzzy or ghostly rather than the sharper resolution from MRI and CT.  But, it provides metabolic information at a cellular level, showing if there are defects in the function of the heart, areas of very high metabolic activity associated with cancer cells, or areas of inflammation, data not available from other modalities. These noninvasive imaging exams are used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, bone disorders and other disorders. 

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Combo of MRI, PET-CT often needed for accurate assessment of gliomas

PET-CT with any of various radiotracers is better than conventional MRI at showing the boundaries and necrotic tissue of brain tumors and other gliomas. However, MRI is better than any flavor of PET-CT at showing the tumors’ basic anatomical structure, making the MR scans essential to initial presurgical planning.

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PET/CT, tumor markers combo shows potential to improve lung cancer diagnoses

When evaluating histological types of lung cancer, a combination of SUVmax and serum tumor markers can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, according to a new study.

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Tau defects on PET emerge as prime predictors of early-onset Alzheimer’s

Younger Alzheimer’s patients have disproportionately more tau pathology on PET-CT imaging than older patients who are similarly symptomatic, according to a small multicenter European study. The authors suggest defective tau proteins alone can predict disease onset and progression, while later-developing Alzheimer’s likely owes to a confluence of contributing factors.

Prostate cancer has a new nemesis in novel PET tracer

Researchers have demonstrated the ability of a novel PET radiotracer to aid prostate-cancer imaging and suggested it shows promise for doing the same with other cancers.

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Triple-organ PET/MR can help manage eventual chemo effects in young cancer survivors

Many pediatric cancer survivors initially evidence no functional signs of chemotherapy damage only to develop serious organ problems months or years later. With this common vexation in mind, Stanford University researchers at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital have piloted a surveillance protocol using PET/MR to find chemo-induced injuries lurking in the brain, heart and bone in a single imaging session.

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Nuclear imaging combo can help predict Parkinson’s

When otherwise normally functioning adults with pronounced sleep problems and a weakened sense of smell also have two imaging biomarkers—reduced dopamine activity on SPECT and Parkinson’s-type pattern expression on FDG-PET—they’re probably headed for full-on Parkinson’s disease.

Amyloid PET makes a strong early showing in IDEAS study

Amyloid PET scans changed clinical care management in some 67.8 percent of 3,979 patients with mild cognitive impairment who are enrolled in the IDEAS study led by the Alzheimer’s Association and managed by the American College of Radiology and ACR’s Radiology Imaging Network. 

New PET agent could be a versatile clot catcher

German researchers have shown that a new small-molecule radiotracer can work with PET, and PET alone, to image blood clots in multiple anatomic regions and regardless of where they formed.

Around the web

Positron, a New York-based nuclear imaging company, will now provide Upbeat Cardiology Solutions with advanced PET/CT systems and services. 

The nuclear imaging isotope shortage of molybdenum-99 may be over now that the sidelined reactor is restarting. ASNC's president says PET and new SPECT technologies helped cardiac imaging labs better weather the storm.

CMS has more than doubled the CCTA payment rate from $175 to $357.13. The move, expected to have a significant impact on the utilization of cardiac CT, received immediate praise from imaging specialists.